Friends of the Jordan is hosting a series of educational videos on the subject of fracking. This process, used to extract natural gas from shale, is being promoted in Northern Michigan. This segment explains the many things that in go wrong in the multi-stage process. The speaker is Dr. Anthony Ingraffea from Cornell University.
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
Monday, April 18, 2011
Fracking Chemicals Cited in Congressional Report Stay Underground
A report [1] released Saturday confirmed details about what many already knew was happening: gas drillers have injected millions of gallons of fluids containing toxic or carcinogenic chemicals into the ground in recent years. The report, by congressional Democrats, lists 750 chemicals and compounds used by 14 oil and gas service companies from 2005 to 2009 to help extract natural gas from the ground in a process called hydraulic fracturing [2].
That list includes 29 chemicals that are either known or possible carcinogens or are regulated by the federal government because of other risks to human health. As we reported more than a year ago, most of the fluids now used in hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking," are left underground when drilling ends.
That list includes 29 chemicals that are either known or possible carcinogens or are regulated by the federal government because of other risks to human health. As we reported more than a year ago, most of the fluids now used in hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking," are left underground when drilling ends.
The report notes that while the fate of these fluids "is not entirely predictable," in most cases, "the permanent underground injection of chemicals used for hydraulic fracturing is not regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency."
The amount of fluid that remains in a well varies depending on local geology. But in some states, including Texas and Pennsylvania, regulators do not know precisely how much of the fluid returns to the surface for each well. In many cases, particularly in the Marcellus Shale in the Northeast, more than three-quarters of the fluid [3] is left underground.
In 2005, Congress exempted hydraulic fracturing from regulation under the Safe Drinking Water Act. That law allows the EPA to regulate the injection of hazardous fluids into underground wells, a practice widely used to dispose of drilling wastewater. As we wrote back in 2009 [3]:
When they approved the Safe Drinking Water Act exemption, lawmakers believed only about 30 percent [3] of the fluids remained underground. Subsequent reports and interviews with drillers show the amount can reach 80 percent or higher.
The Democrats’ report, which provides the most comprehensive list of the chemicals used to frack natural gas wells, also highlights ongoing gaps in knowledge. It says drillers injected 94 million gallons of fluid -- about 12 percent of the total amount used over the five years -- containing at least one chemical deemed a trade secret.
"In most cases the companies stated that they did not have access to proprietary information about products they purchased 'off the shelf' from chemical suppliers," the report says. "In these cases, the companies are injecting fluids containing chemicals that they themselves cannot identify."
Much is still unknown about what happens to that fluid when it's left inside the well, or whether it threatens drinking water. The industry says that multiple layers of rock protect groundwater from the fluid, but opponents have said water and chemicals might be able to follow natural fissures through the rock. The EPA has recently embarked on a multiyear study [4] to look at this question as well as whether any part of the fracking process poses a threat to drinking water.
A spokesman for the group Energy in Depth, which represents natural gas drillers, said the Democrats' report was unconvincing that fracking represents a real risk to drinking water.
"If the breaking news here is that fracturing fluids contain stuff you would never want to drink, that's not much of a headline at all," said Chris Tucker in an email. "The only way that'd be relevant in a public health context is if those materials were somehow finding their way into potable water supplies underground. Naturally, this report has no ability to show that, precisely because they aren't, don't, and according to regulators all across the country, never have."
Chemicals used in fracturing operations have been found in drinking water, but those chemicals are also present in many other industry practices and have not been directly linked to fracking.
The report is the product of an investigation into hydraulic fracturing by Reps. Henry Waxman, D-Calif., Edward Markey, D-Mass., and Diana DeGette, D-Colo. In January, they released a report showing that the same 14 drilling companies had used more than 32 million gallons of diesel fuel [5] or fluids containing diesel in fracking operations.
The amount of fluid that remains in a well varies depending on local geology. But in some states, including Texas and Pennsylvania, regulators do not know precisely how much of the fluid returns to the surface for each well. In many cases, particularly in the Marcellus Shale in the Northeast, more than three-quarters of the fluid [3] is left underground.
In 2005, Congress exempted hydraulic fracturing from regulation under the Safe Drinking Water Act. That law allows the EPA to regulate the injection of hazardous fluids into underground wells, a practice widely used to dispose of drilling wastewater. As we wrote back in 2009 [3]:
If another industry proposed injecting chemicals -- or even salt water -- underground for disposal, the EPA would require it to conduct a geological study to make sure the ground could hold those fluids without leaking and to follow construction standards when building the well. In some cases the EPA would also establish a monitoring system to track what happened as the well aged.”But the oil and gas industry lobbied to protect fracking from such regulation, arguing that most of the fluid remains underground only temporarily. Stephanie Meadows, then a senior policy analyst for the American Petroleum Institute, told us in 2009 that, "Hydraulic fracturing operations are something that are done from 24 hours to a couple of days versus a program where you are injecting products into the ground and they are intended to be sequestered for time into the future."
When they approved the Safe Drinking Water Act exemption, lawmakers believed only about 30 percent [3] of the fluids remained underground. Subsequent reports and interviews with drillers show the amount can reach 80 percent or higher.
The Democrats’ report, which provides the most comprehensive list of the chemicals used to frack natural gas wells, also highlights ongoing gaps in knowledge. It says drillers injected 94 million gallons of fluid -- about 12 percent of the total amount used over the five years -- containing at least one chemical deemed a trade secret.
"In most cases the companies stated that they did not have access to proprietary information about products they purchased 'off the shelf' from chemical suppliers," the report says. "In these cases, the companies are injecting fluids containing chemicals that they themselves cannot identify."
Much is still unknown about what happens to that fluid when it's left inside the well, or whether it threatens drinking water. The industry says that multiple layers of rock protect groundwater from the fluid, but opponents have said water and chemicals might be able to follow natural fissures through the rock. The EPA has recently embarked on a multiyear study [4] to look at this question as well as whether any part of the fracking process poses a threat to drinking water.
A spokesman for the group Energy in Depth, which represents natural gas drillers, said the Democrats' report was unconvincing that fracking represents a real risk to drinking water.
"If the breaking news here is that fracturing fluids contain stuff you would never want to drink, that's not much of a headline at all," said Chris Tucker in an email. "The only way that'd be relevant in a public health context is if those materials were somehow finding their way into potable water supplies underground. Naturally, this report has no ability to show that, precisely because they aren't, don't, and according to regulators all across the country, never have."
Chemicals used in fracturing operations have been found in drinking water, but those chemicals are also present in many other industry practices and have not been directly linked to fracking.
The report is the product of an investigation into hydraulic fracturing by Reps. Henry Waxman, D-Calif., Edward Markey, D-Mass., and Diana DeGette, D-Colo. In January, they released a report showing that the same 14 drilling companies had used more than 32 million gallons of diesel fuel [5] or fluids containing diesel in fracking operations.
Wednesday, April 13, 2011
Colorado Fracking at Lowry Bombing Range, Arapahoe County Colorado
Westin Wilson on Probable Impact of Fracking for Oil at Lowry Bombing Range, Arapahoe County.
Interview with Westin Wilson, former Denver EPA Environmental Engineer, in Denver CO, on April 13, 2011, regarding the probable impact of horizontal hydraulic fracturing for oil at the Former Lowry Bombing Range in Arapahoe County, Colorado. The Colorado State Land Board is considering a proposal to lease 1600-2600 acres of land for 19-98 oil fracking wells.
The land is north of the Aurora Reservoir, above 4 aquifers, in an area designated as low impact and resource sensitive. Fracking would bring very large scale industrial operations that would impact area air, land, water, and quality of life (noise, traffic, road use, fumes, etc).
Mr. Wilson became a whistleblower at the EPA, regarding the conclusions of an EPA final report of 2004, that concluded, contrary to the evidence contained therein, that hydraulic fracturing poses little or no threat to underground sources of drinking water and required no further study. Mr. Wilson subsequently became an EPA whistleblower in order to alert Congress to the possible impacts of fracking on drinking water and the need for further study re impact on water and air quality.
For more info on the Lowry project, see website: http://frackingcolorado.wordpress.com/
Colorado residents:
Please consider our 2 petitions, which contain detailed information about the project's probable impact, our specific requests to mitigate impacts on public health, air quality, water quality, and area quality of life, and also specify that the oil and gas companies (rather than Arapahoe County or the State Land Board or the state of Colorado) would be liable for any related road damages, spills cleanup, or other environmental damages.
Full text petitions on the website: http://frackingcolorado.wordpress.com/
PART 1
PART 2
PART 3
PART 4
PART 5
PART 6
PART 7
Interview with Westin Wilson, former Denver EPA Environmental Engineer, in Denver CO, on April 13, 2011, regarding the probable impact of horizontal hydraulic fracturing for oil at the Former Lowry Bombing Range in Arapahoe County, Colorado. The Colorado State Land Board is considering a proposal to lease 1600-2600 acres of land for 19-98 oil fracking wells.
The land is north of the Aurora Reservoir, above 4 aquifers, in an area designated as low impact and resource sensitive. Fracking would bring very large scale industrial operations that would impact area air, land, water, and quality of life (noise, traffic, road use, fumes, etc).
Mr. Wilson became a whistleblower at the EPA, regarding the conclusions of an EPA final report of 2004, that concluded, contrary to the evidence contained therein, that hydraulic fracturing poses little or no threat to underground sources of drinking water and required no further study. Mr. Wilson subsequently became an EPA whistleblower in order to alert Congress to the possible impacts of fracking on drinking water and the need for further study re impact on water and air quality.
For more info on the Lowry project, see website: http://frackingcolorado.wordpress.com/
Colorado residents:
Please consider our 2 petitions, which contain detailed information about the project's probable impact, our specific requests to mitigate impacts on public health, air quality, water quality, and area quality of life, and also specify that the oil and gas companies (rather than Arapahoe County or the State Land Board or the state of Colorado) would be liable for any related road damages, spills cleanup, or other environmental damages.
Full text petitions on the website: http://frackingcolorado.wordpress.com/
PART 1
PART 2
PART 3
PART 4
PART 5
PART 6
PART 7
Monday, April 11, 2011
Cornell study assessed climate change impact of natural gas drilling
 |
| Clearfield, PA, where a well blowout in 2010 emitted wastefluid and natural gas into the air for about 16 hours. |
Methane gas, the major component of natural gas, has been promoted by some entities as a greener energy alternative than the use of coal because it burns cleaner. Results of this recent Cornell study, however, indicate that the methane emissions that result from the natural gas industry may result in a greater greenhouse gas footprint than other forms of energy extraction. This is partially due to the fact that methane is a very potent greenhouse gas.
Source: FracTracker.org
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